'This book helps one understand the processes of formulating counter-terrorism procedures and their key outputs in four important European countries – Belgium, France, The Netherlands, and Spain. It significantly advances the understanding of anti-terrorist structures, processes, and results in relation to the development of terrorism.'

Miroslav Mareš, Masaryk University, Czech Republic

'Addresses the theory and practice of countering radicalization as a means of mitigating the terrorist threat in selected European countries. Its presentation of the forms and scope of actions undertaken, their effectiveness, and the justification for their application in individual countries makes it well worth reading.'

Piotr Mickiewicz, University of Gdansk, Poland

'Sometimes, it takes an outsider to deliver new knowledge. In this highly informative volume, Machnikowski et al. accomplish this while studying the efficiency and efficacy of Counterterrorism and Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism policies of four countries which have been opposing terrorism for decades but have struggled with evaluating their efforts and learning from them.'

Kacper Rekawek, Head of Defence and Security Programme at the GLOBSEC Policy Institute, Poland